Grammar 5

5.- Have to, don´t have to, can and can´t

Have to expressed obligation and don´t have to means there is no obligation.

Affirmative	Negative	Question
You have to get up early She has to study more	I don´t have to study tonight He doesn´t have to buy lunch	Do we have to go now? Doeshe have to wear a tie?

Can expresses ability or possibility. Can´t expressed lack of ability and prohibition. Can is a modal verb (like will, should, etc.)After modalverbs we use the infinitive without to with all persons.

Affirmative	Negative	Question	Short answers
I can drive very well He can have a party	You can´t park here. She can´t dance	Can you ride a bike? Can you bring music?	Yes, I can No, I can´t.

Grammar 4

4.- Future with will

We use will to make predictions based on personal opinion and not evidence. After will we use the infinitive without to for all persons. Won´t is used a contraction of will not.

Affirmative	Negative	Question	Short answers
I/you will pass the exam	He/She/It won´t pass the exam	Will we/they pass the exam?	Yes, we will No, they won´t

Grammar 3

3.-Future with going to

We use going to to talk about plans or to make predictions based on evidence.

Affirmative	Negative	Questions/Short answers
I’m going to win. She´s going to have a party. We´re going to arrive on time	You aren´t going to win. He´s not going to go. They aren´t going to come.	Are you going to win? Yes, I am./Not, I´m not. Is she going to go? Yes, she is./No, she isn´t.

Grammar 2

2.-Review: present simple and present continuous

We use the present simple to describe general actions, events and states that are not temporary.

We use the present continuous to describe temporary activities that are in progress at the moment.

	Present simple	Present continuous
Affirmative	I write romantic poems. He likes classical music.	I’m writing a poem at the moment. He’s listening to music.
Negative	You don’t play the violin   She doesn´t like music	You aren´t playing at the moment. She isn´t listening to music
Question	Do they have coffee for breakfast? Does it rain a lot in winter?	Are they having coffee now? Is it raining now?

Welcome to the grammars

1.-Review: time expressions

On	At	In
On is used with days of the week and dates. The concert is on Saturday. My birthday is on April 5.	At is used with noon, night, midnight and with times: The concert starts at 8:00. I went to bed at midnight.	In is used with morning, afternoon, evening and with months, years and seasons: Belinda’s tour begins in June.

Vocabulary 4

Vocabulary 3